Thursday, May 31, 2012

How watching TV lowers self-esteem levels in children - except young white boys

Watching TV helps to improve self-esteem levels in young white boys - but lowers those in white girls and black children, a new study has showed.
Researchers at Indiana University and the University Of Michigan found that children tend to compare themselves to the characters they watch on the tube.
The study stated that young white males are influenced by older white male characters who are successful, while young females are influenced by often 'one-dimensional' white female characters.
Influence: A study found that self-esteem levels in young girls and black children decrease through watching TV. But levels in white boys rise
Influence: A study found that self-esteem levels in young girls and black children decrease through watching TV. But levels in white boys, however, rise
Over a one year period, the study looked at a group of 400 black and white preadolescence students from communities throughout the Midwest.
The results, which were published in the June 2012 edition of Communication Research, found that young white boys are offered generally positive ideals of their older selves.
 
Nicole Martins, an assistant professor of telecommunications in the Indiana University's College of Arts and Sciences who led the research, said: 'Regardless of what show you're watching, if you're a white male, things in life are pretty good for you.
'You tend to be in positions of power, you have prestigious occupations, high education, glamorous houses, a beautiful wife, with very little portrayals of how hard you worked to get there,' she continued.
Young girls are offered very different versions of their older selves.
Dr Martins said: 'If you are a girl or a woman, what you see is that women on television are not given a variety of roles.
'Regardless of what show you're watching, if you're a white male, things in life are pretty good for you'
'The roles that they see are pretty simplistic,' she added. 'They're almost always one-dimensional and focused on the success they have because of how they look, not what they do or what they think or how they got there.'
Young black children were singled out due to the fact they were found to watch an extra ten hours of TV per week than white children.
The study found that black men are often portrayed as negative characters such as hoodlums and hard criminals.
Dr Martins said: 'Young black boys are getting the opposite message: that there is not lots of good things that you can aspire to.
'If we think just about the sheer amount of time they're spending [watching TV], and not the messages, these kids are spending so much time with the media that they're not given a chance to explore other things they're good at that could boost their self-esteem.'
Researchers said they looked at schools in the Midwest due to their diversity but African-Americans were the predominant minority group.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2152290/How-watching-TV-lowers-self-esteem-levels-children--young-white-boys.html#ixzz1wTFbveP5

How you can tell a person's age with just one sniff

Forget trying to disguise the advancing years with Botox and hair dye – your age is an open secret to anyone with a good sense of smell, a study has shown.
Volunteers were able to distinguish between young, middle aged and elderly individuals by body odour.
But contrary to popular perception, the ‘old person smell’ was rated less intense and unpleasant than other age groups.
Volunteers were able to distinguish between young, middle aged and elderly individuals by body odour. It is thought the connection is to do with mate selection
Volunteers were able to distinguish between young, middle aged and elderly individuals by body odour. It is thought the connection is to do with mate selection (picture posed by models)
Scientists collected armpit odour samples from three groups of donors aged 20-30,  45-55 and 75-95. 
Donors were asked to sleep for five nights in T-shirts containing underarm pads which were cut up and placed in glass jars.
These were assessed by 41 evaluators aged 20-30 who were given samples to sniff.
They had to decide which sample was from the older donor and to rate the intensity and pleasantness of each odour.
 
Evaluators were able to discriminate between the three age categories, the American researchers reported in the online journal Public Library of Science ONE.
‘Similar to other animals, humans can extract signals from body odours that allow us to identify age, avoid sick individuals, pick a suitable partner and distinguish kin from non-kin,’ said lead researcher Dr Johan Lundstrom, from the Monell Chemical Senses Centre in Philadelphia.
In the animal world, age-related odours are believed to guide mate selection. Older males might be desirable because they contribute genes linked to longevity, while older females with fragile reproductive systems may be avoided.
Unique: An 'old person smell' is recognised across human cultures. In Japanese it is called kareishu
Unique: An 'old person smell' is recognised across human cultures. In Japanese it is called kareishu (picture posed by models)
A unique "old person smell" is recognised across human cultures. In Japanese it even has a special name, kareishu.
Dr Lundstrom said: ‘Elderly people have a discernible underarm odour that younger people consider to be fairly neutral and not very unpleasant. This was surprising given the popular conception of old age odour as disagreeable.’
Body odours originate from a "complex interaction" between skin gland secretions and bacterial activity, the researchers wrote.
Skin gland composition and secretion were said to change in "age-dependent manner throughout development".


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2152441/With-sniff-tell-persons-age-Forget-botox-hair-dye--waste-time.html#ixzz1wTEqOJch

Why men are the grimier sex: Study finds offices with more males have far more bacteria

IF you’ve picked your husband’s dirty socks off the floor that one time too many, your worst suspicions are about to be confirmed.
Men really are the grubbier sex, scientists say.
A study has found that offices full of men had far more bacteria than those with more women.
Hygiene: Researchers say the results could be explained by the fact that men wash their hands less frequently than women
Hygiene: Researchers say the results could be explained by the fact that men wash their hands less frequently than women
It claimed the results could be explained by the fact that men wash their hands and brush their teeth less frequently, and have a ‘more slovenly nature’.
Scientists analysed 450 DNA swabs from 90 offices occupied by men and women in US cities.
 
They identified more than 500 types of bacteria, most of which originated from human skin, noses, ears, and intestines. Others were brought in from the environment by shoes or clothes. 
Chairs and telephones had some of the highest concentrations of bugs, with lower numbers on  desktops and keyboards.
Pugh.jpg
Lead researcher Dr Scott Kelly, from San Diego State University in California, said of the study, published in the journal PLoS ONE: ‘Surfaces in offices inhabited by men were more contaminated.
‘While the differences among  cities do not seem interpretable, the differences between contamination in offices may be explained by differences in hygiene. 
Men are known to wash their hands and brush their teeth less frequently, and are commonly perceived to have a more slovenly nature.
‘Humans are spending an increasing amount of time indoors, yet we know little about the  diversity of bacteria and viruses where we live, work and play.’
Dr Val Curtis, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said previous research has suggested men’s hands were dirtier than women’s.
‘Men don’t take hygiene as seriously, but they also sweat more which attracts bacteria,’ she added. 
And Hugh Pennington, emeritus professor of bacteriology at Aberdeen University, said: ‘It’s just part of life’s rich tapestry, and bacteria do help protect us from disease.’
Bright: Women brush their teeth more often than men, who have a 'more slovenly nature'
Bright: Women brush their teeth more often than men, who have a 'more slovenly nature'


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2152450/Why-men-grimier-sex.html#ixzz1wTE4LbHJ

Proud military wife defends her photograph of servicewomen breastfeeding in uniform after online attacks

A photograph of servicewomen breastfeeding in public while wearing uniform has ignited a global debate.
The picture shows two mothers, Terran Echegoyen-McCabe and Christina Luna, both in active service, nursing their babies on an Air Force base. 
The striking image has seen a flurry of comments, from supporters who say breastfeeding is a 'fundamental right' to another who compared it to 'defecating in uniform'.
The photos were taken for the Mom2Mom Breastfeeding Support Group, set up by a military wife and mother-of-three to raise awareness of all women's rights to breastfeed in public. 
Proud: Servicewomen Terran Echegoyen-McCabe, left, breastfeeds her twin daughters while wearing her uniform alongside colleague Christina Luna and her little girl at Fairchild Airforce Base outside Spokane, Washington
Proud: Servicewomen Terran Echegoyen-McCabe, left, breastfeeds her twin daughters while wearing her uniform alongside colleague Christina Luna and her little girl at Fairchild Airforce Base outside Spokane, Washington
Mrs Echegoyen-McCabe is pictured breastfeeding her 10-month-old twin girls on her lunch break during a drill weekend as a member of the Air National Guard. By her side is friend Mrs Luna who feeds her toddler.
Crystal Scott, founder of Mom2Mom, asked the women to pose for the support group she founded in January to help those who live and work at the Fairchild Air Force Base outside Spokane, Washington.
 
Mrs Scott has lived on the base for four years with her husband Kevin, an instructor, and their three children Gavin, ten, Aiden, four and one-year-old Roman. 
It was her idea to asked photographer Brynja Sigurdardottir to photograph the mothers in their fatigues ahead of National Breastfeeding Awareness Month in August. 
Following the photoshoot two weeks ago, the image of the military mothers breastfeeding was posted online and became a red-hot issue. 
Mrs Scott told MailOnline: 'We were not expecting it. We went to bed and the next morning, we were getting calls, comments and emails. 
Nurture: Founder of Mom2Mom Crystal Scott also posed with her son Roman to raise awareness of breastfeeding in public
Nurture: Founder of Mom2Mom Crystal Scott also posed with her son Roman to raise awareness of breastfeeding in public
Although there has been a rally of support, one Facebook comment compared the image of the mothers in uniform to 'urinating and defecating'. 
Mrs Scott said: 'No one can agree on everything and everyone is 100 per cent entitled to their opinion. 
'But to compare breastfeeding to other bodily functions like defecating and urinating? It's disheartening and saddening.'
She added: 'We've done nothing wrong. We're not disgracing the uniform, we are very proud.
'We can only hope that it brings positive changes not only for military but for women across the board to show them they don't have to hide in the closet.'
There are currently no clear regulations as to whether or not a military member in uniform is allowed to breastfeed. 
We've done nothing wrong. We're not disgracing the uniform, we are very proud.  
Crystal Scott, founder of Mom2Mom Breastfeeding Support Group

There has been much confusion over this issue with some servicewomen being asked to move to private rooms while at the same time nothing has been said to women feeding their babies from bottles. 
The Mom2Mom Facebook page has been flooded with comments. 
Tracy Mueller Schoesler wrote: 'What strong beautiful women who are not just fighting for the freedoms of this country but for themselves and their children! Breastfeeding is a fundamental right in or out of an uniform!'
One supporter Anna Krause commented: 'This is great. You are still A mom no matter what.'
Another Jessica Emerick said: 'I can't believe someone would have the audacity to judge or criticize this photo, or any nursing mother. It's pitiful.'
However there have been detractors. One fellow soldier Rita Trujillo commented: 'I as one of many women who fought long and hard to be accepted and respected as fellow soldiers and the right to wear these uniforms feel shocked, angry at these published photos.'
Bringing about change: Trysta Chavez also posed for a photograph with her baby after seeing a lack of support for women breastfeeding in public
Bringing about change: Trysta Chavez also posed for a photograph with her baby after seeing a lack of support for women breastfeeding in public
Statement: Mrs Chavez was among the women who allowed themselves to be photographed for a campaign for National Breastfeeding Awareness Month in August
Statement: Mrs Chavez was among the women who allowed themselves to be photographed for a campaign for National Breastfeeding Awareness Month in August
Robyn Roche-Paull, a lactation consultant and a U.S. Navy Veteran wrote a book and has a blog called Breastfeeding in Combat Boots which aims to make women's position clearer while breastfeeding and serving their country. 
As she writes: 'There are NO polices or regulations in any of the military branches that either approve OR disapprove of breastfeeding in uniform.'
She said that arguments against were based on the fact that it shows a woman to be nurturing and therefore 'unprofessional'.
U.S. law states that a woman may breastfeed her child at any location in a Federal building or on Federal property.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2152420/Military-mothers-breastfeeding-uniform-raise-awareness-cause-Facebook-debate.html#ixzz1wTBCuK8Z

Family of man who died in threesome awarded $3million - because doctors didn't warn him against extreme physical activity

The family of a man who died in a three-in-the-bed sex romp have won $3million in damages against a doctor who failed to warn him about  extreme physical activity.
William Martinez, 31, suffered a fatal heart attack caused by the excitement and physical activity with a woman and another man.
The married father-of-two died a day before he was due to have a heart stress test.
Too much: William Martinez died during a three-in-the-bed sex romp with a woman and another man the day before he was supposed to have a stress test
Too much: William Martinez died during a three-in-the-bed sex romp with a woman and another man the day before he was supposed to have a stress test
A court in Georgia, heard that the women involved in the sex romp were not his wife.
Lawyers representing the estate Martinez filed a medical malpractice suit against Dr Sreenivasalu Gangasani.
Lawyers representing the estate of 31-year-old Martinez filed a medical malpractice suit against Dr Sreenivasalu Gangasani
Lawyers representing the estate of 31-year-old Martinez filed a medical malpractice suit against Dr Sreenivasalu Gangasani
They claimed he had failed to warn Martinez about taking part in any physical activity after he visited him to complain about chest pains a week before the threesome.
Lawyers Rod Edmond and Tricia Hoffler told a jury Martinez had called at the CardiVascular Group in Lawrenceville after experiencing a pain his chest that shot up his arm
Martinez had high blood pressure and other tests showed he was at high risk of having clogged arteries.
The court heard that Dr Gangasani arranged a stress test for Martinez - but did not tell him to refrain from any physical activity.
The lawsuit was launched after Martinez, from Lawrenceville, Georgia, died in March 2009.
 
According to the Atlanta Journal it is not clear if the lawsuit was brought on behalf of Martinez's wife or his two sons.
The court heard that Dr Gangasani arranged a stress test for Martinez - but did not tell him to refrain from any physical activity
Malpractice: The court heard that Dr Gangasani arranged a stress test for Martinez - but did not tell him to refrain from any physical activity
A jury in Gwinnett County State Court initially awarded Martinez to be 40 per cent liable for his own death, reducing the verdict to $3 million.
Lawyers who represented Dr Gangasani and the CardioVascular Group in Lawrenceville said they would appeal the decision.
'We’re definitely going to appeal the verdict and the judgment,' said Gary Lovell Jr.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2152736/Family-man-died-threesome-awarded-3million--doctors-didnt-warn-extreme-physical-activity.html#ixzz1wT7rGt9m

Wednesday, May 30, 2012

Your pregnancy hormones, explained

Photo of a Sick Woman
If you’re pregnant or recently had a baby, your hormones are wreaking havoc on your body and your mind. Here, find out what exactly six of the most important hormones are busy doing.

1. Did you see a plus sign on the stick? It’s the Human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG hormone that’s detected in a positive pregnancy test. It’s also responsible for jump-starting all of the other pregnancy hormones in the body. Production of hCG starts at fertilization and levels rapidly rise until 10 weeks when they peak.

“hCG is the big hormone for why people feel so miserable at the beginning of the pregnancy,” according to Dr. Allison Hill, a board-certified OB/GYN in Los Angeles and one of the stars of Deliver Me on OWN.

As early as 8 to 10 days after fertilization, it’s common to feel symptoms like nausea and vomiting, aka “morning sickness,” fatigue, dizziness, breast tenderness, heartburn, constipation, and irritability. This hormone also causes the uterus to swell so you may already feel pressure on your bladder. Cammi Balleck, a naturopathic doctor and author of Making Happy Happen, recommends taking a hydrochloric acid supplement to help with the morning sickness, heart burn, and constipation.

2. Estrogen is actually a group of three hormones, and during pregnancy levels are approximately 100 times what they are during your period. Estrogen keeps the placenta healthy, and it allows your baby’s organs to develop. During pregnancy, estrogen can cause headaches and an increase in cervical and vaginal mucus production, which is why you may notice more than normal vaginal discharge.

After giving birth, estrogen levels decrease. If you’re breast feeding, levels will be suppressed even more and hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and a decreased libido are common. “We often tell patients their vagina is in menopause when they’re breastfeeding,” according to Hill, who is also the co-author of The Mommy Docs’ Ultimate Guide to Pregnancy and Birth.

The weaning process can also cause significant shifts in estrogen levels, so you might experience a host of symptoms and emotions. Yet when your normal menstrual cycle returns, your estrogen levels are back to normal. Balleck recommended taking a mineral supplement with calcium lactate, magnesium, and c-kelp at night which can help to balance your hormones, your mood, and help with fatigue.

3. Progesterone, aka the “pro-gestation,” hormone, prepares the uterus for implantation, makes it healthy for a successful pregnancy, and is essential for the growth and development of your baby.

During pregnancy, progesterone relaxes your joints and muscles and allows the pelvis to open up. It slows down the intestinal tract so acid reflux and constipation are common complaints. The hormone also increases your temperature to keep your baby warm, which explains why you’re always warm or have night sweats. After delivery, progesterone levels drop and don’t return to normal until you start ovulating and your normal menstrual cycle returns.

4. More flexible in prenatal yoga? Thank relaxin.  Responsible for loosening the joints and ligaments in the pelvis, relaxin can also affect other parts of the body so you might be clumsy or more prone to falls or even experience pain in the lower back and in the wrists. Balleck recommended consuming vitamin e-rich foods or taking a supplement to ease symptoms -- but be sure to speak with your doctor first because too much vitamin e has been linked to stillbirth.   

5. Known as the “bonding hormone,” oxytocin is what allows you to feel close to your baby. During labor, oxytocin causes the uterus to contract and helps to reduce labor pain. After delivery, it allows the uterus to return to its’ normal size and position. Oxytocin is also the hormone that allows your breasts to let down milk when you breastfeed.

6. Breasts tender? Blame it on prolactin. This milk-producing hormone causes the breast glands to develop and the structure of the breast tissue to change in preparation for breastfeeding. Prolactin increases up to 20 times more than pre-pregnancy levels and remains high until breastfeeding ends. Just like estrogen, prolactin levels dip during weaning as well, so expect some of the same symptoms.

Fighting US's worst teen pregnancy rate in Mississippi

I consider myself an open-minded parent. I have always talked candidly with my, now, 14-year-old daughter about all issues, including sex.
Our relationship is sufficiently strong that she thinks nothing about discussing sex and sexuality with me and she will frequently say stuff like, 'Mum, I have a question…is there such a thing as a G-spot?’ Or, 'Mum, are people born gay or do they choose to be?'
When it comes to my daughter’s sex education, I believe no subject is too taboo. If Shaye is curious then it is my job to help her to satisfy that questing.
Enlarge The contraceptive implant Nexplanon is 4cm long and is inserted under the skin. A parent was outraged after it was implanted in her 13-year-old's arm
Outrage: Last year 1,700 girls aged 13 and 14 were fitted with implants, while 800 had injections which have the same effect
I am a firm advocate of the mantra that 'knowledge is power' and nowhere more so than when it comes to equipping my child in the arena of sexual relations.
So, I’m no prude. I have even gone so far as to sex educate several of her school friends at the request of their parents who were too embarrassed to do it for themselves.
In fact, among the parents of Shaye’s peers, it is accepted wisdom that I am the 'go to mum' who their daughters can come to if they cannot talk with their own mum or dad.
That said, there are some situations when it comes to my maturing daughter that even a freely-expressive mother, such as I, will baulk at. The type of thing that makes me shout long and loud simply because it appears so very wrong, and on numerous levels.
Open-minded: When it comes to sex education, I believe no subject is too taboo, and have always talked candidly to my daughter
Open-minded: When it comes to sex education, I believe no subject is too taboo, and have always talked candidly to my daughter
Take this as the source of today’s consternation. Schools and doctors in the UK are routinely giving 13-year-old girls contraceptive implants.
And, because they are covered by various laws that forbid them revealing that they are doing this - or even seeking permission in the first place - parents of these children are left unaware that this is happening.
Neither are we talking small numbers here. Last year 1,700 girls aged 13 and 14 were fitted with implants, while 800 had contraceptive injections.
Frankly, it’s too early in the morning for me to be reading outrageous statistics like this. That is such a preposterous idea that it should have been booted out at the drawing board stage.
So this is what it has come to? The State has now assumed the ultimate control - that of taking over the role of parents, above and beyond the real ones?
Although teenage pregnancy rates in Britain are beginning to fall, they are still twice as high as those in France and Germany
Although teenage pregnancy rates in Britain are beginning to fall, they are still twice as high as those in France and Germany
Sometimes I just despair and yearn for a return to simpler times when parents were the responsible adults and children knew that. I cannot bear such interference on a mass scale, it is verging on the obscene.
We must ask, surely, what kind of society have we become when it is perfectly legal - desirable, even, according to the Government who initiated this step - that children, and that is what 13 year olds are, are encouraged to take contraception in the first place?
Before anyone shouts me down with ‘but we have one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in Europe‘. I know that. What concerns me, is why do we?
And what are we doing about that in terms of dissuading our young people from becoming parents, rather than tooling them up to premature sexual experimentation in the first place?
Hands up who truly views sneaky contraception - without parental knowledge - as such a solution? I know I don’t and neither do any of the parents that I know, and I know a lot.
So let me get this straight, just so I know exactly where our Government is coming from with regard the health and safety of our children.
If I leave my daughter home alone, for several days at a time, I could - rightly in my opinion - be prosecuted for child neglect. So far, so sensible.
However, a school nurse can give my child something that can make her suicidal - 1 in 18 people suffer depression as a result of the implant - and I have no say in that? Not even a knowledge about it.
The state needs to make up its mind. Does it want us to parent our children (given that the Government blames everything from unemployment to riots on 'bad parenting') or does it think it can do the job for us?
Either way I’m not taking their involvement lying down. Time to be pro-active on this issue.
I didn’t become a mother to be dictated to by bureaucracy about how I should fulfil that role. If that means fighting, even in a court of law, to be a parent to my child - and to assume all the responsibilities that entails - then so be it.
Let that be a warning to any school nurse or doctor who comes within a hair's-breadth of my child. That’s not a threat, but a promise. I am that outraged by this parental takeover and, in my mind, it has been by stealth.
Pressure: As a parent to a teenage daughter I already have numerous issues to concern myself with, such as academic worries and fears about bullying
Pressure: As a parent to a teenage daughter I already have numerous issues to concern myself with, such as academic worries and fears about bullying
Truth is, as a parent to a teenage daughter I already have numerous issues to concern myself with and I don't need to be distracted by this nonsense:
Are my daughter’s GCSE options the right ones for her?
Is my daughter having a good time at school or is she secretly being bullied?
How is her body image? Is she bulimic and I don’t know about it?
And what about her self esteem? How intact is that given she is bombarded with some 200 advertising and media images each day, according to recent research, that will make her question whether she is sufficiently pretty or thin enough to meet with societies exacting standards.
Enough already.
And now the Government want to come in between a parent and their child, in the official capacity of curbing our teenage pregnancy issue, and they expect us to accept that? Forget it!
Some people claim that these implants may be used to help regulate a teenagers menstrual cycle. OK. But if that is the case then why would that need to be kept secret from the parent?
Or is that just another ruse to help bolster the State’s control over our children?
Personally, and quite aside from my right as a parent to protect my child, it is morally wrong to keep a parent in the dark because that also means that we cannot help our children with any possible side effects they may experience as a result of the contraception. And there are many issues associated with it.
The implant, inserted under the skin, can ‘get lost’ by migrating to another part of the body and removal can be difficult and can be extremely painful and cause scarring.
Then there is the actual issue of placing foreign bodies into our system. These can cause, deep breath, upper respiratory tract infection (in in 8 people), abdominal pain (1 in 9), sore throat (1 in 10), vaginal discharge (1 in 10), flu-like symptoms (1 in 13), increased cramps and painful menstruation (1 in 14), dizziness (1 in 14), back pain (1 in 15), nausea (1 in 16).
Let us also not forget the psychological implications of the implant including mood swings - like teenage girls need assistance in that matter - and anxiety and clinical depression.
There is even, depending on the length that the implants or injections are used for, the possibility of bone thinning.
The upshot is that the State is sanctioning a campaign of ill-health on our children and parents are blind to it. That is wrong on so many levels and yet we accept it under the guise of law.
That is quite aside from the fact that contraceptive implants, pills or injections cannot prevent STD’s or HIV. Neither are they 100 per cent when it comes to averting a pregnancy.
Personally, I don’t care how many health professionals tell me this is something we should do. I disagree.
In my experience, there are too many so-called child experts who aren’t experts on the front line, e.g. being a parent. And yet, they have the audacity to tell those of us who are how to do our jobs. No way. Not on my watch.
It is unacceptable to set a child against their parents in this manner and it should be stopped - or at least challenged in a court of law - without further ado.
The health of our daughters, mentally and physically, is at stake. If there was ever a time to rise up and assert our roles as parents, it is now. Or are we happy to sleep-walk ourselves into state-sanctioned parenting?


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2098292/Contraception-controversy-We-sleep-walking-state-sanctioned-parenting.html#ixzz1wNY2dTnV