Thursday, January 31, 2013

Sex to burn calories? Authors expose obesity myths

Fact or fiction? Sex burns a lot of calories. Snacking or skipping breakfast is bad. School gym classes make a big difference in kids' weight.
All are myths or at least presumptions that may not be true, say researchers who reviewed the science behind some widely held obesity beliefs and found it lacking.
Their report in Thursday's New England Journal of Medicine says dogma and fallacies are detracting from real solutions to the nation's weight problems.
"The evidence is what matters," and many feel-good ideas repeated by well-meaning health experts just don't have it, said the lead author, David Allison, a biostatistician at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Independent researchers say the authors have some valid points. But many of the report's authors also have deep financial ties to food, beverage and weight-loss product makers - the disclosures take up half a page of fine print in the journal.
"It raises questions about what the purpose of this paper is" and whether it's aimed at promoting drugs, meal replacement products and bariatric surgery as solutions, said Marion Nestle, a New York University professor of nutrition and food studies.
"The big issues in weight loss are how you change the food environment in order for people to make healthy choices," such as limits on soda sizes and marketing junk food to children, she said. Some of the myths they cite are "straw men" issues, she said.
But some are pretty interesting.
Sex, for instance. Not that people do it to try to lose weight, but claims that it burns 100 to 300 calories are common, Allison said. Yet the only study that scientifically measured the energy output found that sex lasted six minutes on average - "disappointing, isn't it?" - and burned a mere 21 calories, about as much as walking, he said.
That's for a man. The study was done in 1984 and didn't measure the women's experience.
Among the other myths or assumptions the authors cite, based on their review of the most rigorous studies on each topic:
-Small changes in diet or exercise lead to large, long-term weight changes. Fact: The body adapts to changes, so small steps to cut calories don't have the same effect over time, studies suggest. At least one outside expert agrees with the authors that the "small changes" concept is based on an "oversimplified" 3,500-calorie rule, that adding or cutting that many calories alters weight by one pound.
-School gym classes have a big impact on kids' weight. Fact: Classes typically are not long, often or intense enough to make much difference.
-Losing a lot of weight quickly is worse than losing a little slowly over the long term. Fact: Although many dieters regain weight, those who lose a lot to start with often end up at a lower weight than people who drop more modest amounts.
-Snacking leads to weight gain. Fact: No high quality studies support that, the authors say.
-Regularly eating breakfast helps prevent obesity. Fact: Two studies found no effect on weight and one suggested that the effect depended on whether people were used to skipping breakfast or not.
-Setting overly ambitious goals leads to frustration and less weight loss. Fact: Some studies suggest people do better with high goals.
Some things may not have the strongest evidence for preventing obesity but are good for other reasons, such as breastfeeding and eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, the authors write. And exercise helps prevent a host of health problems regardless of whether it helps a person shed weight.
"I agree with most of the points" except the authors' conclusions that meal replacement products and diet drugs work for battling obesity, said Dr. David Ludwig, a prominent obesity research with Boston Children's Hospital who has no industry ties. Most weight-loss drugs sold over the last century had to be recalled because of serious side effects, so "there's much more evidence of failure than success," he said.

Supplement reduces risk of diabetes in pregnancy

WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
A nutritional supplement called myo-inositol may help protect women at risk for gestational diabetes, according to a small pilot study.
Previous studies have shown that inositol supplements may help restore fertility in polycystic ovary syndrome, but this is the first evidence that it may reduce the number of cases of gestational diabetes, lead author Dr. Rosario D'Anna told Reuters Health by email.
Women who are overweight or obese or have a family history of diabetes are at risk for gestational diabetes, which affects up to 10 percent of pregnancies in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mothers with the condition have trouble dealing with carbohydrates leading to high blood sugar.
"Undiagnosed and untreated gestational diabetes can cause large for gestational age babies, which may lead to delivery complications," said D'Anna, of the Department of Obstetrics at University Hospital in Messina, Italy.
The researchers selected 220 pregnant women with a family history of type 2 diabetes, in which people suffer from high blood sugar because they are unable to store that sugar in cells properly.
Half the women were given two grams of myo-inositol supplements twice a day along with the recommended amount of folic acid, a supplement recommended for all pregnant women. The other women were given only folic acid, from the end of the first trimester throughout pregnancy.
A bottle of 60 650-milligram myo-inositol supplements, available in the U.S. without a prescription, costs about $10. The compound is also found in fruits, nuts, grains, and meats, but not at very high levels.
Of the women who took myo-inositol, six percent developed gestational diabetes, compared to 15 percent of the women who only took folic acid, according to the study, published in the journal Diabetes Care.
None of the babies in the myo-inositol group met criteria for being overweight, but seven babies in the non-supplement group did, weighing more than eight pounds, 13 ounces.
Despite these positive findings, researchers don't know how the supplement works or if it is safe, Dr. Donald Coustan of the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island in Providence told Reuters Health.
"The results are promising, but we would need a larger trial and a broader group of women before we could recommend this supplement," Dr. Wanda Nicholson, who studies gestational diabetes at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, told Reuters Health.
Although their blood sugar levels usually return to normal after pregnancy, women need to continue a high quality diet and exercise, said Nicholson.
"Up to 50 percent of women in general who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes can develop type 2 diabetes in the next five to 10 years," she said.
"There's really nothing currently recommended to prevent gestational diabetes" other than maintaining a healthy weight before getting pregnant, said Coustan, who was not involved in the study but wrote an accompanying commentary that the journal will not release until March 21.
The number of women with the condition has been increasing over the past ten years, he said.
"There's great concern that we're going be inundated with patients with gestational diabetes," Coustan said.

15 million people worldwide had plastic surgery in 2011... with South Koreans most likely to go under the knife

  • WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
  • Study polled 20,000 licensed plastic surgeons worldwide
  • U.S had most procedures but South Korea had the highest proportion of its population having surgery, often in a bid to look more 'Western'
  • One in 77 people in South Korea had a cosmetic procedure in 2011
  • UK came 16th in the table, with breast enlargement most popular procedure

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    South Koreans have more plastic surgery than any other nation, astonishing new figures reveal.
    Those in the Asian country have more treatments per members of the population, with one in every 77 turning to the knife or needle.
    The figures, from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ISAPS), show that in 2011, 15 million people across the globe turned to plastic surgery to enhance their looks. 
    While the popularity of cosmetic surgery in South Korea may come as a surprise to many, the industry there is in fact booming.
    South Korea had the most cosmetic procedures when taking population into account, while the UK came 20th
    South Korea had the most cosmetic procedures when taking population into account in 2010, while the UK came 20th
    Last year, 20 per cent of women aged 19 to 49 in the capital city of Seoul admitted to going under the knife.
    One of the most popular surgical procedures is double eyelid surgery - which reduces excess skin in the upper eyelid to make the eyes appear bigger and make them look more 'Western'.
    It is believed that the rise of the country's music industry is behind the boom, and many patients visit clinics with photos of celebrities, asking surgeons to emulate American noses or eyes. 
    Miss South Korea Yu-Mi Kim admitted having cosmetic surgery saying: 'I never said I was born beautiful'
    Miss South Korea Yu-Mi Kim admitted having cosmetic surgery saying: 'I never said I was born beautiful'
    Singer PSY, whose song 'Gangnam Style' became a global hit, said his record label had urged him to get plastic surgery. 
    Even Miss Korea 2012, Kim Yu-Mi, admitted she went under the knife to achieve her pageant-winning good looks. 
    The student revealed the secret after photos emerged of her looking very different at school, but she said she hadn't misled anyone.
    'I never said I was born beautiful,' she told Korean media.
    While South Korea topped the table in relative terms, when it came to total numbers of tucks, peels, fillers, jabs and lifts in their quest for the perfect body,  America cemented its place at the top of the table in the poll of 20,000 surgeons.
    There were also regional variations in the popularity of different procedures.
    Brazil, known for its beach culture, performed the most male breast reductions, bottom implants and 'vaginal rejuvenations' - where tissue in the area is 'firmed up for a youthful appearance'.  
    Meanwhile, nose jobs are popular in Asia, with China, Japan and South Korea among the top five nations for rhinoplasty. 
    The country performing the highest number of breast implants is the U.S., followed by Brazil, Mexico, Italy and China.
    The U.S. and Brazil also come first and second for the highest number of eye lifts and tummy tucks.  
    Meanwhile, as obesity rates rise a growing number of overweight adults are turning to surgery for a quick fix.
     

    Lipoplasty - a procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to liquefy fat beneath the skin's surface before sucking it out - was the leading invasive procedure worldwide. There were 1,268,287 procedures, which was just a fifth of the total.
    It was followed by breast enlargement surgery, with 1,295,251 boob jobs. Third was blepharoplasty, otherwise known as eyelid surgery, with 703,610 cases and fourth was abdomnioplasty, otherwise known as tummy tucks, with 553,399 cases. 
    Finishing the top five list was rhinoplasty, with 478,023 people having nose jobs.More unusual procedures that made the top 20 were buttock implants at number 13, with 75,591 pursuing a more prominent derriere. 
    Meanwhile just over 60,000 opted for chin implants and a further 47,000 or so went for a thigh lift.
    Plastic surgery procedures that took place in the UK in 2011
    Plastic surgery procedures that took place in the UK in 2011 according to ISAPS
    The UK came 16th in the table, the same position it held in 2010. There were 95,063 surgical procedures in 2011 including 19,031 breast enlargements and 16,034 lipoplasty procedures (where fat fat is liquefied and sucked out).
    Botox was by far the most popular non invasive treatment with 45,464 treatments making up more than a fifth of the 211,406 procedures. This was up 26 per cent compared to 2010.
    In the U.S, licensed plastic surgeons performed more than one million surgical procedures such as breast enlargements and more than two million nonsurgical procedures including Botox to smooth out wrinkles.
    Figures released earlier this week by the British Association  of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) show our lust for cosmetic surgery finally seems to be cooling.
    Demand for procedures plateaued last year – the first time there hasn’t been a large increase in more than a decade.
    Experts say the PIP breast-implant scandal and  Wild West approach of some High Street providers – the two-for-one offers, hard-selling and rock-bottom prices may be to blame. 
    But the PIP scandal aside, the most popular cosmetic procedure was still traditional breast augmentation, with numbers dipping by just 1.6 per cent to 9,854.
    BAAPS president Rajiv Grover said: ‘The desire for larger breasts is centuries-old. Scandals come and go – in this case, the cause was an isolated case of criminal manufacturing practices. This has made women anxious but breast augmentation remains a very safe operation.'


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2271134/15million-people-plastic-surgery-world-just-year--SOUTH-KOREA-leading-way.html#ixzz2JZpc2sCh 
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    It's the saddest thing I've ever been through': Beyonce opens up about her miscarriage for the first time

    Candid: Beyonce, seen arriving for Super Bowl rehearsals earlier this week, has opened up about her miscarriage
    Candid: Beyonce, seen arriving for Super Bowl rehearsals earlier this week, has opened up about her miscarriage
    WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
    Beyonce has opened up about her heartbreaking miscarriage for the first time.
    The 31-year-old singer's husband Jay-Z referenced the loss in Glory, a track recorded within days of Blue's birth in January 2012.
    But it's the first time the 31-year-old has addressed the tragedy. 
    'About two years ago, I was pregnant for the first time,' she says in Life Is But a Dream, her upcoming HBO documentary. 
    'And I heard the heartbeat, which was the most beautiful music I ever heard in my life.'
    'I picked out names,' she recalls. 
    'I envisioned what my child would look like.. I was feeling very maternal.'
    She lost the child in the early stages of her pregnancy. 
    'I flew back to New York to get my check up - and no heartbeat,' she says. 
    'Literally the week before I went to the doctor, everything was fine, but there was no heartbeat.'
    Opening up: The singer spoke about her loss in her upcoming HBO documentary Life Is But a Dream
    Opening up: The singer spoke about her loss in her upcoming HBO documentary Life Is But a Dream
    Behind the scenes: The star allowed cameras to film her away from the spotlight
    Behind the scenes: The star allowed cameras to film her away from the spotlight

    OUR BABY HEARTACHE AND JOY

    GLORY
    Jay-Z first revealed Beyonce suffered a miscarriage in his track Glory, which he wrote after the birth of Blue Ivy in January 2012. 
    The lyrics included: 'Last time the miscarriage was so tragic/We was afraid you'd disappear/But nah baby you magic'
    The star, who married Jay-Z in April 2008, turned to music to help her get through her pain.
    'I went into the studio and wrote the saddest song I've ever written in my life,' she says, but doesn't name the track. 
    'And it was actually the first song I wrote for my album.
    And it was the best form of therapy for me, because it was the saddest thing I've ever been through.'
    On carrying her daughter Blue Ivy, she says: 'Being pregnant was very much like falling in love.
    'You are so open. You are so overjoyed. 
    'There's no words that can express having a baby growing inside of you, so of course you want to scream it out and tell everyone.'
    A reason to celebrate: Beyonce showing off her bump while pregnant with Blue Ivy
    A reason to celebrate: Beyonce showing off her bump while pregnant with Blue Ivy

    'Overjoyed': A scan of their daughter, who is now one
    'Overjoyed': A scan of their daughter, who is now one

    Our girl: The couple with their daughter in September
    Our girl: The couple with their daughter in September
    After cautiously keeping her second pregnancy a secret, she finally revealed her bump at MTV Video Music Awards in August 2011. 
    Beyonce is now gearing up to perform at the Super Bowl on Sunday.
    It's the first time she will take to the stage since her 'lip-synching' controversy at President Barack Obama's inauguration earlier this month. 
    Power couple: Jay-Z and Beyonce at President Barack Obama's inauguration earlier this month. The star later sparked controversy for 'lip-synching' the national anthem
    Power couple: Jay-Z and Beyonce at President Barack Obama's inauguration earlier this month. The star later sparked controversy for 'lip-synching' the national anthem


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2271378/Beyonce-opens-miscarriage-heartache-time.html#ixzz2JZh7gIdp 
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    Wednesday, January 30, 2013

    Going vegetarian can reduce your risk of heart disease by a THIRD

  • WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
  • People who cut meat and fish out of their diet were 32% less likely die or be hospitalised from heart disease
  • Vegetarians had lower blood pressures and cholesterol levels than meat eaters
  • Study, of 45,000 people, is largest of its kind

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    Becoming a vegetarian can reduce the risk of heart disease by a third, a major new study has found
    Becoming a vegetarian can reduce the risk of heart disease by a third, a major new study has found
    Becoming a vegetarian can reduce the risk of heart disease by a third, a major new study has found.
    Heart disease is the UK's biggest killer, claiming the lives of around one in five men and one in seven women, according to NHS figures.
    Researchers at Oxford University who studied 45,000 volunteers over 20 years found that those who cut meat and fish out of their diet were 32 per cent less likely to end up in hospital or dead because of heart disease. 
    Scientists said the study, the largest of its kind, showed that following a low cholesterol meat free diet could save thousands of lives.
    Lead author Dr Francesca Crowe said: 'Most of the difference in risk is probably caused by effects on cholesterol and blood pressure, and shows the important role of diet in the prevention of heart disease.'
    Researchers looked at the health of almost 45,000 volunteers from England and Scotland enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study.
    A third of participants were vegetarian which allowed researchers to compare their rates of heart disease with meat eaters.
    Participants were recruited to the study throughout the 1990s, and were quizzed over their health, diet, exercise regime, what they ate and whether or not they smoked.
    Almost 20,000 volunteers also had their blood pressures recorded, and gave blood samples for cholesterol testing.
    Their health was then tracked until 2009, during which time 1,235 of them had contracted heart disease.
    People who cut meat and fish out of their diet were 32 per cent less likely to end up in hospital or dead because of heart disease
    People who cut meat and fish out of their diet were 32 per cent less likely to end up in hospital or dead because of heart disease
    Out of this number, 169 people died and 1,066 were admitted to hospital and diagnosed with the illness.
    After accounting for other risk factors including age, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level and socioeconomic background, researchers discovered that those who axed meat from their diet were 32 per cent less likely to develop the potentially fatal disease.
    Professor Tim Key, co-author of the study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, said: 'The results clearly show that the risk of heart disease in vegetarians is about a third lower than in comparable non-vegetarians.'
    Vegetarians had lower blood pressures and cholesterol levels than meat eaters, which is thought to be the main reason behind their reduced risk of heart disease.
    They also had lower body mass indices (BMI) and fewer cases of diabetes as a result of their diets, although these were not found to significantly affect the results.
    The study highlights the crucial role diet plays in preventing heart disease, researchers said.


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2270779/Going-vegetarian-CAN-reduce-risk-heart-disease.html#ixzz2JVJsK1Hg 
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    Cancer gene mutation linked to earlier menopause

    WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
    Women carrying BRCA mutations tied to breast and ovarian cancer may hit menopause a few years earlier than other women, according to a new study.

    Doctors already discuss with those women whether they want immediate surgery to remove their ovaries and breasts, or if they want to start a family first and hold off on ovary removal.

    "Now they have an additional issue to deal with," said Dr. Mitchell Rosen, who worked on the new study at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center.

    An estimated one in 600 U.S. women carries the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation.

    Those mutations greatly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, a woman's chance of getting breast cancer at some point in her life increases from 12 to 60 percent with a BRCA mutation, and ovarian cancer from 1.4 percent to between 15 and 40 percent.

    What has been less well studied is whether those mutations also affect a woman's egg stores and her chance of getting pregnant.

    For the new study, the researchers surveyed 382 California women who carried the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and another 765 women who weren't known carriers. The study team focused specifically on women who went through menopause naturally - and not those who had their ovaries removed before menopause.

    Women with the genetic mutations said they'd stopped getting their periods at age 50, on average, compared to age 53 for other women. The youngest natural menopause, at age 46, came for women with a BRCA mutation who were also heavy smokers, Rosen and his colleagues reported Tuesday in the journal Cancer.

    Their study only included white women, so it's unknown whether the findings apply to other racial and ethnic groups. It's also not clear whether mutation carriers had any trouble conceiving - although it's more likely, the researchers said.

    "The earlier you go into menopause, the more likely you are to not be able to have kids," Rosen told Reuters Health.

    'Huge burden'

    Ellen Matloff, director of cancer genetic counseling at the Yale Cancer Center in New Haven, Connecticut, said she didn't want BRCA mutation carriers to be overly worried about the new findings.

    Those women are already advised to get their ovaries taken out by age 40, which puts a "huge burden" on them to find a partner and start a family, she said.

    "This study does not mean that you can't have children, and it doesn't mean that you have less time than you thought you did," Matloff, who wasn't involved in the research, told Reuters Health.                         

    "I don't think anything I read in this study would suggest that (mutation carriers) need to move their plans up."

    Because past studies haven't suggested high rates of infertility in carriers - and her clinic also hasn't noticed that trend - Matloff said more research will be needed to confirm these findings and their impact, if any.

    Almost all women who carry the mutations have their ovaries removed surgically before going through natural menopause anyway, she added.

    Still, Rosen said, BRCA mutation carriers should be counseled about fertility issues along with cancer ones.

    Freezing eggs or embryos is one option for women who are worried about infertility, he said. It also gives doctors a chance to test embryos to see if they're positive for the genetic mutations.

    Tips to stop snoring

    For many, there is nothing worse than losing sleep because of a snoring partner. According to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, an estimated 50 percent of Americans have snoring issues.
    Dr. Manny Alvarez, senior managing health editor of FoxNews.com, said there are some solutions worth trying.
    Alvarez recommended starting with something as simple as changing your sleep position. Laying on your side instead of your back could improve your breathing, and trying a different type of pillow can help you get used to it.
    Another underlying issue that can cause snoring is being overweight. Losing a few pounds can relieve some of the pressure on the internal diameter of the throat, which collapses during sleep for people who snore.
    One misconception about getting a good night’s rest is that having a glass of wine or other alcoholic bevarage before bed can help you drift off to sleep. You may fall asleep faster, but Alvarez said drinking close to bedtime negatively affects the muscles in the back of your throat.
    He also suggested taking a shower before bed. It can help open your nasal passages and make it easier to breathe.
    For those who have more serious snoring issues, doctors can fit you with a mouth piece to alleviate snoring. There are also surgeries and laser procedures available.
    Alvarez said although it sounds unconventional, one study finds singing for 20 minutes daily for three months has helped snoring patients keep quiet at night.  

    How our 'stiff upper lip' hits cancer survival rates: Britons are dying needlessly because they refuse to seek help for early symptoms

  • WWW.HEALTHYBARN.COM
  • Study suggests Britons are embarrassed or reluctant to waste doctors' time
  • Survey questioned 19,079 people aged 50 and older in six countries
  • Experts say British stoicism could explain differences in cancer survival

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    Early intervention: A study found people in Britain do not seek help for early symptoms of cancer because they are embarrassed or reluctant to waste their doctors' time
    Early intervention: A study found people in Britain do not seek help for early symptoms of cancer because they are embarrassed or reluctant to waste their doctors' time
    Having a ‘stiff upper lip’ could mean some Britons are dying needlessly from cancer, warn researchers.
    A study found that many people in Britain do not seek help for the early symptoms of cancer because they are embarrassed or reluctant to waste their doctors’ time.
    Experts say this British stoicism may help explain differences in cancer survival between the UK and other high-income countries.
    Britons also have less awareness of cancer risk increasing with age, meaning sufferers are less likely to be treated at an early stage when there is more chance of a cure.
    The UK is joint bottom with Denmark of the international table for rates of survival, despite all six of the countries surveyed having similarly good access to healthcare. There were 157,000 deaths from cancer in the UK in 2010, with more than three quarters occurring in those aged 65 and over.
    Scientists from the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership previously found that for lung, breast, bowel and ovarian cancers diagnosed between 1995 and 2007, Australia, Canada, Sweden and Norway had the best survival rates. Denmark and the UK had the lowest, despite all the countries having similarly good cancer registration systems and access to healthcare.
    One year survival for people with lung cancer was 30 per cent in the UK, compared with 44 per cent in Sweden.
    The latest study, conducted by Cancer Research UK and Ipsos Mori, surveyed 19,079 people aged 50 and older in six countries to see if cultural factors could explain the differences. It found little difference in people’s views about the chances of surviving the disease or awareness of symptoms.
    But when the study, published in the British Journal of Cancer, looked at barriers to seeing the doctor with early symptoms, our stiff upper lip came to the fore.
     

    Worrying about wasting a doctor’s time was a concern for 34 per cent of those in the UK, compared with only 9 per cent of Swedes.
    And embarrassment about seeing the doctor with a potentially serious symptom was most common in Britain (15 per cent) and least common in Denmark (6 per cent).
    Awareness of the link between cancer and age was lowest in Canada (13 per cent) and the UK (14 per cent) but highest in Sweden (38 per cent).
    Reluctant: Experts say British stoicism may help explain differences in cancer survival between the UK and other high-income countries
    Reluctant: Experts say British stoicism may help explain differences in cancer survival between the UK and other high-income countries
    Dr Lindsay Forbes, a study leader from King’s College London, said the UK was making its mark for the wrong reasons.
    She added: ‘A high proportion of people said that not wanting to waste the doctor’s time and embarrassment might stop them going to the doctor with a symptom that might be serious.
    ‘The traditional British stiff upper lip could be preventing people from seeing their doctor.
    ‘We need to support people to make the right decisions about their health.’
     


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2270459/How-stiff-upper-lip-hits-cancer-survival-rates-Britons-dying-needlessly-refuse-seek-help-early-symptoms.html#ixzz2JTkdF8Ei 
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