Sunday, September 7, 2014

Women with severe mental illness are five times more likely to be raped and three times more at risk of domestic violence, experts warn

  • Researchers at two London universities found a 'staggering' 40 per cent of women with serious mental health illness had been victims of sexual abuse
  • More than half were found to have attempted suicide, the study claims
  • Expert said research shows those with mental illness are most at risk of falling victim to some of the 'most damaging forms of violence'





  • Women with severe mental illness are five times more likely to be raped and three times as likely to suffer domestic violence, a new study has  claimed. File picture
    Women with severe mental illness are five times more likely to be raped and three times as likely to suffer domestic violence, a new study has claimed. File picture
    Women with severe mental illness are five times more likely to be raped and three times as likely to suffer domestic violence, new research has today claimed.
    Researchers at the University of Central London and King's College London, found a 'staggering' 40 per cent of women with serious mental health issues were found to have been victims of rape or attempted rape.
    More than half were found to have attempted suicide as a result, the study found. 

    The team noted the around seven per cent of the general UK population have been victims of the sexual assault, while three per cent of women have attempted suicide.
    Dr Hind Khalifeh, lead author of the report, said: 'The number of rape victims among women with mental illness is staggering. 
    'At the time of the survey, 10 per cent had experienced sexual assault in the past year, showing that the problems continue throughout adulthood.
    'Considering the high rate of suicide attempts among rape victims in this group, people admitted to hospital after attempting suicide should be asked if they have been sexually assaulted. 
    'Currently this is not done and so patients may miss opportunities to receive specialist support.'
    Male psychiatric patients were 24 times more likely to be sexually assaulted, with 12 per cent of those surveyed having been attacked compared to 0.5 per cent of the general population.
    The findings were based on a survey of 303 randomly recruited psychiatric outpatients who had been in contact with community services for a year or more, 60 per cent of whom had a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
    They were interviewed using the British Crime Survey questionnaire for domestic and sexual violence, and their responses compared to those from 22,606 respondents to the 2011/12 national crime survey. 

    Men and women with mental illness were also found to be more likely to be victims of domestic violence than the general population. 
    More than two thirds of women and 49 per cent of men with severe mental illness reported domestic violence.
    Domestic violence from family members other than partners made up 63 per cent of total domestic violence cases against psychiatric patients, compared with 35 per cent of the general population.
    'Most domestic violence prevention policies for adults focus on partner violence, but this study shows that interventions for psychiatric patients also need to target family violence,' said Dr Khalifeh.
    The report stated that experiences of violence may have contributed to the onset of mental illness. 
    Researchers at the University of Central London and King's College London, found a 'staggering' 40 per cent of women with serious mental health issues had been victims of rape or attempted rape. File picture
    Researchers at the University of Central London and King's College London, found a 'staggering' 40 per cent of women with serious mental health issues had been victims of rape or attempted rape. File picture
    However, violence experienced in the past year would have been after diagnosis of severe mental illness since all participating patients had been under the care of mental health services for at least a year.
    The results were adjusted for drug and alcohol use in the past year. The report found drug and alcohol use may increase the risk of being a victim, but equally victims of violence may turn to drugs or alcohol as a way of coping.
    Louise Howard, professor in women's mental health at King's College London, added: 'This study highlights that patients with severe mental illness are at substantially increased risk of being a victim of domestic and sexual violence.
    'Despite the public's concern about violence being perpetrated by patients with severe mental illness, the reality for patients is that they are at increased risk of being victims of some of the most damaging types of violence.'


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2743843/Women-severe-mental-illness-five-times-likely-raped-three-times-risk-domestic-violence-study-finds.html#ixzz3CfFpALK2 
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    Essential Tips for Getting Pregnant

    Getting pregnant seems like a really simple process, but there are essential tips to consider when trying to have a baby.Pregnant Tips

    DO: Chart your cycles

    Chart your cycles to track when you ovulate. Use an online chart, such as the free one available at fertilityfriend.com, for an easy to interpret visual representation. Take your temperature before you get out of bed in the morning, which is referred to as your basal body temperature. Check the height and texture of your cervix as well as the consistency of your cervical mucus.

    DO: Get your body ready for pregnancy

    Visit your physician or midwife to make sure your body is ready to get pregnant. Discontinue the use of alcohol, tobacco and recreational drugs. Cut back on the amount of caffeine you consume on a daily basis. All of these things contribute to infertility.

    DON'T: Wait too long to have sex

    Waiting too long to have sex can cause a build up of dead sperm. When you are close to ovulation, have sex every other day. If you choose to refrain from sex during non-fertile periods, make sure your partner ejaculates a few days beforehand to ensure optimum sperm levels.

    DON'T: Stress yourself

    It takes months to get pregnant in some cases, so relax and enjoy the process. Stress prevents pregnancy for some, so it turns into a vicious cycle when you stress over not getting pregnant. If you are over 40, it takes longer to get pregnant than someone in her 30s.
    Listen to your body, have frequent intercourse and abstain from the use of substances that are harmful to you. Use these tips to maximize your chances of getting pregnant. Seek professional help if it takes more than six months to conceive.
    Accurate Ovulation Calculator Pinpoint your Fertile Days.

    Getting Pregnant and Infertility

    I Cant Get Pregnant
    When trying to get pregnant, excitement seems to fade when you hear the word "infertility." Just because you have issues with infertility, does not mean that you cannot get pregnant. There are many things you can try to help you have a baby. If you feel that you are infertile, or your partner is, go see your doctor to establish a cause of why you cannot get pregnant.

    How Long Should It Take to Get Pregnant?

    For each couple the answer to this question is different, for some couples it takes just a few days of no contraception to get pregnant, while for others it can take as long as six months. The rate of pregnancy flourishes to nine out of 10 couples achieving it within one year. If you are having trouble, you can use ovulation charts or temperature charting to pinpoint optimal times for getting pregnant. Keep intercourse fun during this time period, do not allow it to become a chore.

    Does a Woman's Age Make a Difference?

    A woman's age is a determining factor in her ability to get pregnant. For females, their fertility is highest when they are in their early to mid-20s. In their late 20s, fertility begins to decline to the chance of becoming pregnant in their 30s dropping to only 20 percent. That rate further declines in a female's 40s to only 5 percent at any given time. This means that some women cannot get pregnant, considering the fact that so many are postponing children until after they get their career developed. If you consider the fact that women are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, only 300 eggs are left to become mature eggs. These eggs are released each month through ovulation.,,

    Does a Man's Age Make a Difference?

    For a male, it seems that their peak age is up to age 35, at which time it starts to decrease. With men, not only does the sperm decrease in their ability to swim and get to where they need to be, they also present other problems. These factors increase the likelihood that you can't get pregnant. The older a man fathers a child, the more of a chance there is to pass on genetic abnormalities. These genetic abnormalities could cause a miscarriage or birth defects.

    Are There Other Problems That Cause Infertility?

    Some other reasons for infertility in women include a blockage of a fallopian tube or endometriosis. Females may also have ovulation disorders or an increase in their prolactin. A more severe condition that can prevent pregnancy is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Some women experience early menopause or uterine fibroids, which also cause infertility. Another cause of infertility in women is pelvic adhesions. Other conditions that are indirectly related to reproduction include: prescription medications, thyroid problems, kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer.

    Why Do Men Become Infertile?

    Common causes of infertility in men include abnormal sperm count and preejaculation. A more concerning cause is cystic fibrosis. Other indirect causes that prevent a woman from becoming pregnant include the lifestyle of the male, such as obesity or heavy smoking or alcohol use. Some males experience infertility issues if they are exposed to heat, such as baths or high temperature showers.
    Dealing with infertility is really difficult. Do not think of it as you can't get pregnant, think of it as a chance to find another way to have a child. You should always remember that you are not alone, and that while that is not much of a comfort, you are not the first couple nor the last couple, who will go through this challenging time in your lives. Consult with your doctor and read as much as you can to keep up on the latest technology or techniques that can help you and your partner. Visit your doctor for more information on how to get pregnant.

    Trouble Getting Pregnant: When Should We See a Doctor?

    trouble getting pregnantIf you're having trouble getting pregnant, you might not have thought it would take you this many tries or this long to conceive. The truth is, getting pregnant isn't always easy as it sounds and if you've been trying without success, there may be a bigger infertility issue at play. If you're having trouble getting pregnant, learn when it's important for you to see a doctor instead of just waiting it out.

    If you're under 35, wait a year of trying to get pregnant before seeing your doctor.

    For most women under 35, getting pregnant may not happen the very first time you engage in the "baby dance" with your partner. In fact, it may take a few cycles of timed intercourse in order to get pregnant. However, if you're under 35 years of age and have been trying to get pregnant without any assistance for a year, there could be another fertility issue at play, from ovulatory irregularity to diminished ovarian reserve or even male-factor issues such as low sperm count or poor motility.

    If you're over 35, only wait six months of trying to get pregnant before seeing your doctor.

    A woman's ovarian reserve and overall fertility begins to decline dramatically at age 35. That's why the American Society for Reproductive Medicine recommends that women over 35 only wait six months of trying to conceive without success before they see their doctors, as time is not necessarily on their side.,,

    If you can get pregnant, but have trouble staying pregnant.

    For some women, they have no problem getting pregnant: it's the staying pregnant that turns out to be the challenge. There are many reasons why recurrent miscarriage could be occurring, from hormonal imbalances to uterine abnormalities. If you've been repeatedly getting positive pregnancy tests only to experience recurrent miscarriages, it's time to talk to your doctor as soon as you can.

    If you have other known illnesses, conditions or other potential fertility issues.

    If you had childhood cancer or your partner may have had a testicular injury in the past, or if you know you have a condition like PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)or even thyroid disease, you may know, even before you starting trying to conceive, that you might run into issues getting pregnant. If you have a known issue that could impact your fertility, talk to your doctor before you starting trying to get pregnant to find a strategy to help maximize your chances.

    Trust your gut.

    If you're having trouble getting pregnant and you just think that something might be wrong, there's no reason to ignore the problem or just wait it out. There's nothing wrong with going to your doctor to voice your concerns; at best, they may run some tests. At worst, they may tell you to wait a year or six months (depending on your age), but you can always get a second opinion.
    If you're having trouble getting pregnant, talk to your partner about your concerns and make an appointment to talk to your healthcare provider today.

    Friday, September 5, 2014

    The loneliness of early menopause: She had the hot flushes, night sweats and foggy brain. But Melissa was 42 and childless when her menopause began - while her friends were still having babies


    Melissa Kite started going through the menopause at 42 - while her friends were still having babies
    Melissa Kite started going through the menopause at 42 - while her friends were still having babies
    Throwing off the duvet as my boyfriend slept soundly beside me, I leapt out of bed and bolted for the window.
    Flinging it open, I gasped for air. I had woken in a terrible panic to find myself covered in sweat. What on earth was happening? I couldn’t cool down and ended up having to go out into the garden at 3am to lie on a sun-lounger.
    Over the course of the next few nights, the same thing happened again and again. But since it was the middle of the summer, I put it down to the warm weather.
    Every time I complained about the heat, my boyfriend, Will, would agree that it did feel very humid, and he was hot, too.
    All the same, this didn’t feel right. I couldn’t explain it, but the heat seemed to be coming from within me, not without. It was as though I had become a walking central heating system, radiating an intense glow.
    ‘Feel this,’ I told a girlfriend, taking her hand and placing it on my neck one evening.
    ‘Dear God!’ she exclaimed. ‘You’re on fire!’
    That was last summer and what a strange summer it turned out to be. I ended up sleeping outside on that sun-lounger most nights. Will laughed and put it down to me being eccentric.
    But when the weather turned colder and I was still bolting outside in the middle of the night, even he started to think something must be wrong.
    Then came the other signs. The usual 30 days between my periods became 40, then 50, before stopping altogether.
    I went to the doctor, who ran some tests. A few days later, my most doom-laden fears were confirmed: I was, somehow, at the age of 42, starting the menopause. The GP was surprised and kept saying she wanted to run the blood tests again.
    But it wasn’t a surprise to me. I’d been dreading it for years. My mother went through ‘the change’ in her late 30s, as did her mother before her.
    I’d done well to get to 42, given my family history. My gynaecologist had warned me some time earlier that it would probably come early for me, too, as these traits are thought to be genetic.
    Scroll down for video
    That did not make it easy when it finally arrived. For the menopause still makes a woman feel as though she is being officially declared redundant.
    For me personally, knowing I could no longer have children was not an unalloyed shock.
    I had been diagnosed with endometriosis in my 30s after failing to conceive. After flirting briefly with IVF, which I decided against, I gave up on the idea of having a child a few years ago.
    That said, faced with the symptoms of menopause, a tiny part of me wanted to cling on. Before the doctor made her pronouncement, a faint little voice inside me had said: ‘Maybe, just maybe, this is one of those accidental, later-life, against-all-odds pregnancies.’
    It was lunacy to think this, given my medical history. But the pressure on women to conceive is such that I don’t think we ever really stop thinking about it completely, even when our biological clock has loudly chimed midnight.
    Melissa says she did well to get to 42 given her family history after her mother went through change in late 30s (picture by model)
    Melissa says she did well to get to 42 given her family history after her mother went through change in late 30s (picture by model)
    Even though my life is full to the brim and I am perfectly happy not to have children, I wouldn’t be human if I didn’t still think about it.
    Besides, I had read so many stories featuring women who thought they were on the change but turned out to be pregnant. So, despite all I had been previously told by the experts about being unable to conceive, I wondered forlornly whether that could be happening to me.
    Life has a funny way of being cruelly poetic at moments like these. As I sat in the GP’s surgery, waiting for my blood test results, I found myself next to a woman in her 40s holding a newborn baby. She’d obviously had a later-life pregnancy, and as I watched her cooing at her beautiful baby, I kept thinking how I’d feel if that turned out to be me.
    But my fantasy was short-lived — it was not to be. The GP was not smiling as she would have been if the blood test had said pregnancy, but scowling as if she didn’t know what to make of the fact that my FSH level — the measure of ovarian function — showed I was menopausal.
    She seemed particularly put out by the results, as if she didn’t really know what to do with someone in this situation at my age.
    I asked her whether I might get help with the night sweats, and she said she couldn’t prescribe Hormone Replacement Therapy because I was too young. Apparently, there is a slightly raised risk of cancer if you take HRT for too long, so the health service doesn’t want to start women on it too soon in case their symptoms continue for years. There is also, I found out later, a cost issue. They don’t want to pay for it for too long either.
    The GP seemed at a loss to suggest anything else, so I determined to cope in my own way. It is now a year later, and my nerves are wearing thin. 
    Sleeping was difficult for Melissa and she would throw the duvet off, leapt out of bed and bolt for the window
    Sleeping was difficult for Melissa and she would throw the duvet off, leapt out of bed and bolt for the window
    I haven’t had a night’s uninterrupted sleep since this started, and the sweats now happen all day, too. Most days, the hot flushes come every half an hour. I wear a sleeveless top and cardigan at all times because it is the only way I can throw off a layer of clothing and get cool quickly enough.
    My concentration falters a lot, probably as much down to the sleep deprivation as to the plummeting levels of progesterone, one of the key hormones that becomes lacking.
    I find I cannot stop eating, and crave carbohydrates, probably as an energy boost because I feel so drained. I am putting on weight for the first time in my adult life.
    Worst, though, are the panic attacks. No one warns that you are going to have these terrible moments of all-encompassing anxiety. They sweep over you most dreadfully at night. When I am about to try to get some sleep, I suddenly shoot up in bed gripped with worry, and before long I am fretting about everything that has ever gone wrong in my life.
    Suddenly to feel you have to reassess everything you thought to be true is a symptom of the classic mid-life crisis we all make fun of.
    But whereas a man responds by rushing out to buy a Porsche or by having an extra-marital affair with a girl half his age, a woman apparently has a two-year panic attack.
    It is like everlasting PMT. I joke to my friends that I’ve been in a bad mood since June 2013.
    I know all women go through this, so I don’t want to complain unduly. But the problem is complicated because I’m younger than most when they start this business. I also don’t have any girl friends of my age in a similar position in whom I can confide.
    In the UK, the average age of menopause is 51, and comes when a woman¿s natural supply of oestrogen dwindles and her ovaries run out of eggs
    In the UK, the average age of menopause is 51, and comes when a woman’s natural supply of oestrogen dwindles and her ovaries run out of eggs
    Every time I try to explain why I’m in a sweat and throwing off all my clothes, people say: ‘Oh but you’re too young!’ It’s a taboo subject at the best of times, but even more so when it happens early.
    In the UK, the average age of menopause is 51, and comes when a woman’s natural supply of oestrogen dwindles and her ovaries run out of eggs. But while most women first experience menopause symptoms in their late 40s and early 50s, a lot of women do get them much earlier.
    One study estimated that as many as one in 20 women goes through early menopause.
    If a woman is under 40, it’s called premature menopause; for those between 40 and 45, it’s referred to as early-onset menopause.
    I wonder if so few talk about it because there is a sort of shame attached, as if you have failed as a woman.
    I suspect the stigma has a lot to do with women still being defined by their ability to produce children. Despite everything we have achieved in our professional lives, we are still judged on whether we have functioning ovaries.
    When I went back to my GP last week, I all but pleaded with her for help. But she insisted she could not prescribe hormone replacement for a few years yet. I pointed out that by then, hopefully, I will be out the other side — if I am lucky.
    If not, I dread to think what sort of state I will be in, or what mischief I will have got up to.
    I’m not surprised menopausal women are caught shoplifting. I have nothing but compassion for them now I know what this is like. I have caught myself on more than one occasion heading towards the supermarket exit with a basket of strange odds and sods I had no idea I wanted and had forgotten I hadn’t even paid for.
    Never mind baby brain — meno-brain is a whole other level of absent-mindedness.
    The doctor said the only thing she could do was refer me to an ‘early menopause clinic’, although there is a three-month wait. But the last thing I need is to sit around in a bleeding-hearts NHS counselling group with other women who are having hot sweats. There would be so few of us present at any one time, as we all bolted to and from the door for air, that I can’t see it working very well anyway.
    Also annoying are the suggestions of natural remedies, so numerous it is difficult to know where to start. I have been to health food shops aplenty where the shelves are packed with expensive alternative cures: soya, clove oil, vitamin B and black cohosh, whatever that is. I read the backs of the packets but have no idea whether this is just pouring money down the drain.
    It strikes me as ludicrous that in this day and age, with all the technology we have, women are forced to resort to remedies doing the rounds a thousand years ago.
    I have even bought a special magnet recommended by the singer Belinda Carlisle, which you fasten under your clothes against your stomach and it’s supposed to relieve the night sweats, although even the manufacturers don’t quite understand how. So far, I haven’t noticed a difference, although I’ve only been wearing it a few weeks, and it’s supposed to take several months to work.
    There are lights at the end of the tunnel, though. My boyfriend has been wonderfully understanding. He tells me he loves me no matter what. And considering the mood swings he has to put up with, that is no mean feat.
    I have also been much cheered up by the fact one of my friends has asked me to be godmother to her son. I am actually looking forward to the Christening in a few weeks’ time. I want to concentrate on the fact that life always goes on.

    SOCIALIST CHAMPAGNE, COMRADE? 

    You’ve heard of champagne socialists, but how about socialist champagne? A bubbly named in honour of mill workers from Rochdale, Lancashire, who pioneered the world’s first co-operative movement in 1844, has been voted the best in the world.
    The Co-op’s Les Pionniers Vintage 2004, which costs just £24.99, stood out among 650 wines from 16 countries at the Champagne and Sparkling Wine World Championships to be named top in three categories: supermarket vintage, greatest value and vintage brut blend. It was the last award that shocked wine experts most, because the own-brand fizz managed to beat the esteemed £70 2007 Louis Roederer.
    Judges praised its ‘class, longevity, and minerality’, but the Co-op’s champagne buyer Ben Cahill perhaps summed it up best: ‘It’s a steal.’


    Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2744394/The-loneliness-early-menopause-Melissa-42-childless-menopause-began-friends-having-babies.html#ixzz3CSooznD5 
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